Extortion economies
Documentation of territorial control, renta/extortion systems, and consequences of non-payment, with attention to occupational and geographic risk profiles.
Non-State Actors
Gang Violence & Extortion Condition Reports
Differentiated analysis of gang-related violence and extortion as non-state actor harm, distinct from state-sponsored political targeting, with focus on Northern Triangle and comparable contexts.
Risk paradigms
State protection sufficiency
Evaluation of police capacity, corruption indicators, and whether state actors are unable or unwilling to control gang violence in relevant localities.
Distinction from political targeting
Clear analytical separation between gang predation patterns and state-sponsored political persecution, while addressing nexus theories under PSG and CAT frameworks.
Sample excerpt
Gang territorial control in the examined municipalities is associated with systematic extortion of small businesses and transport operators. Available reporting indicates that complaints to local police frequently result in either non-response or retaliatory exposure of the complainant.